There are no prerequisites for access to this course. A knowledge of basic chemistry and of the English language is desirable, which allows the independent consultation of secondary literature.

Analytical Chemistry is defined as the scientific discipline that develops and applies methods, tools and strategies to obtain information on the composition and nature of matter in space and time. The course of Analytical Chemistry provides the student with the basic notions of Analytical Chemistry useful for the study of material cultural heritage. The course program also allows you to acquire the cultural knowledge necessary to deal with some practical diagnostic and conservation activities. During the course, the study of paper in its material and conservation aspects will be deepened

knowledge and understanding of the subject matter,

The course aims to provide the essential principles of analytical chemistry essential to deal with basic conservation and restoration activities such as cleaning. The student will be able to know the fundamentals of the main analytical techniques and their applications.

ability to apply knowledge acquired, synthesis and formal correctness in the exposition and ability to argue one's thesis

• problem-solving skills (apply what has been learned in a real situation)

autonomy of judgment,

• ability to analyze and synthesize information (acquire, organize and reformulate data and knowledge from different sources)

Learning ability

• ability to learn continuously (being able to recognize one's own gaps and identify strategies to acquire new knowledge or skills, for example, by exploiting available secondary literature)

communication skills.

• ability to work in a team (knowing how to coordinate with others by integrating their skills).

The course consists of lectures, exercises and seminars, which involves the direct involvement of the student, who is called upon to deepen an aspect of the program and to present it to the teacher and colleagues. Attendance of classes is strongly recommended.

Written test, 10 free-response questions on the course program

The exam aims to assess the achievement of the following learning objectives:

• Knowledge of the basic principles of the main chemical-analytical techniques;
• Ability to identify the most appropriate analytical techniques;
• Ability to interpret results correctly;
• Expository skills and language properties
• Ability to identify advantages and limitations of the application of chemical-analytical techniques.

The student is evaluated on the basis of the contents presented and the correctness of the proposed solutions, the propriety of language and compliance with the established times.

On the basis of the written test, the assiduity in attending the lessons, the participation in the seminar teaching unit, the grade will be expressed in thirtieths.

In the evaluation of the exam, the determination of the final grade takes into account the following elements:

30 laude: excellent evaluation; complete and rich preparation;

30: excellent rating; complete preparation , with good connection skills;

29-28: rating: very good; complete preparation with links;

27-26: good rating; complete preparation;

25-24: fair evaluation; approximately complete preparation, occasional inaccuracies and/or gaps;

23-22: more than satisfactory evaluation; almost complete preparation, gaps and/or inaccuracies;

21-20: satisfactory evaluation; approximately complete preparation, inaccuracies, gaps;

19-18: barely satisfactory evaluation; limited preparation (many inaccuracies and various gaps);

< 18: Insufficient assessment; insufficient preparation.

Students can book for the final exam exclusively using the procedures provided by the VOL system. Unless otherwise specified on the notice board, the exams will be held at 10:00 a.m. at the teacher's office, Building A6, Ecotekne campus, SP Lecce_Monteroni, Lecce

The dates of the exam sessions will be published on https://easytest.unisalento.it/

Changes (or additions) to the dates or place of the exams indicated will be published on the teacher's website.

Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday from 9:30 to 10:30 a.m. at the teacher's office, first floor of building A6, Ecotekne campus; Alternatively, it is possible to agree on a different day and time slot by writing to the institutional e-mail address.

Exam Board:

Giuseppe E. De Benedetto (president), M.R. Guascito, E. Mazzotta, A. Pennetta

Introduction to Analytical Chemistry. The role of the discipline in the study of cultural heritage. Panorama of analytical techniques. Expression of calculation results (significant figures, rounding). Ionic force. Assets and activity coefficients.

Equilibria in solution - Acid-base equilibria (Strong and weak acids and bases. Polyprotic acids. Buffer solutions). Solubility equilibria (Relationship between solubility and Ks for poorly soluble electrolytes. Effect of the common ion. Precipitate formation. Influence of ionic strength on solubility. Simultaneous precipitation equilibria). Complexation equilibria (Recall of basic concepts: types of ligands and chelators. Constants of formation and instability of complexes. Ion masking by complexation). Simultaneous solubility-complexation and complexation-acidity equilibria (Conditional formation constants. Displacement reactions).

General Methodologies of Traditional Quantitative Analysis - Gravimetry (Basic Principles). Volumetric (Basic Principles). Point of equivalence and point of end of titration. Use of indicators.

Instrumental Analytical Chemistry: Separation Techniques and Mass Spectrometry

Cleaning of polychrome works: solvents and solution mechanisms. Polarity, non-polarity and hydrogen bonding: ternary diagram of solvents. Surface tension. Evaporation/retention curves. Wettability. Capillarity phenomena. Detergency. Micelles. Solvent thickening.

Applications of solvents, surfactants, and chelators in the field of Cultural Heritage.

Paper: production, composition, degradation and conservation.

Luigia Sabbatini, Cosimino Malitesta, Paolo Pastore, CHIMICA ANALITICA, 2025, EdiSES, ISBN 9788836231942

Paolo Cremonesi, The use of surfactants and chelators in the cleaning of polychrome works, 2004, Il Prato

Paolo Cremonesi, The use of organic solvents in the cleaning of polychrome works, 2004, Il Prato

Additional bibliographic material will be provided by the teacher during the lessons in the form of handouts and recommended readings.

Non-attending students must agree with the teacher on a specific program with an adequate supplementary bibliography.